Risk Evaluation for Postmastectomy Arm Swelling.

Arm rash and swelling in a child.

Painless arm swelling in a young woman.

Accepted 23 April 1998 The patient was a 39-year-old woman who, after a brisk movement of the head, noticed pain in the cervical region. Twenty hours later she began to have swelling of the left superior limb. She was treated with muscle relaxants and anti-inflammatory agents with little improvement. Twenty days later the painless swelling persisted and she was admitted to the hospital. Physica...

Evaluation of volumetric modulated arc therapy for postmastectomy treatment

PURPOSE To examine the feasibility of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for post mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS Fifteen PMRT patients previously treated at our clinic with helical tomotherapy (HT) were identified for the study. Planning target volumes (PTV) included the chest wall and regional lymph nodes. A systematic approach to constructing VMAT that met the cl...

Mounting Evidence for Postmastectomy Locoregional Radiation Therapy

Déjà vu All Over Again? Although a substantial number of women will suffer and die from breast cancer during the upcoming years, we clearly have made stepwise progress in treating patients with this cancer over the last 3 decades. Each of these steps of progress has led to what are glibly designated “paradigm shifts.” Perhaps the most hotly debated of these paradigms is the local vs systemic na...

Evaluation Approaches of Value at Risk for Tehran Stock Exchange

The purpose of this study is estimation of daily Value at Risk (VaR) for total index of Tehran Stock Exchange using parametric, nonparametric and semi-parametric approaches. Conditional and unconditional coverage backtesting are used for evaluating the accuracy of calculated VaR and also to compare the performance of mentioned approaches. In most cases, based on backtesting statistics Results, ...